Sensitivity to Sound as We Age

 

Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) is the loss of hearing that gradually occurs in most of us as we grow older. It is one of the most common conditions affecting older and elderly adults. Approximately one in three people in the United States between the ages of 65 and 74 have hearing loss, and nearly half of those older than 75 have difficulty hearing. Having trouble hearing can make it hard to understand and follow a doctor’s advice, respond to warnings, and hear phones, doorbells, and smoke alarms. Hearing loss can also make it hard to enjoy talking with family and friends, leading to feelings of isolation.

As we age, it is normal to move a little slower and require more time to recharge, and for some, sound seems to affect us differently. You probably aren’t making it up that some sounds seem louder than others and more annoying than before. These changes can significantly impact everyday life, affecting daily activities and interactions with common sounds. Exposure to loud noise can exacerbate sound sensitivity in older adults. A lot of noise issues, especially hearing loss, can and should be corrected with hearing aids. The first step is to make sure you keep your hearing from declining further.

 

Understanding Noise Sensitivity (Hyperacusis)

Noise sensitivity, also known as hyperacusis, is a hearing disorder that significantly affects an individual’s ability to tolerate certain sounds. For those with hyperacusis, everyday sounds may seem unbearably loud, even if others around them do not perceive them as such. This heightened sensitivity can be attributed to various factors, including damage to the inner ear, facial nerve, or auditory nerve. In some instances, hyperacusis is a symptom of another underlying condition, such as tinnitus, Meniere’s disease, or Lyme disease. Healthcare providers often inquire about a patient’s medical history to diagnose hyperacusis. Understanding the root cause of hyperacusis is crucial for effective management and treatment.

 

Aging and Sound Sensitivity Changes

If you have ever been in conversation with an older adult and they ask you to please speak up – and then, a very short time later, complain you are talking way too loud, and you don’t have to shout, they may be suffering from loudness discomfort.

As you age, structures inside the ear start to change and their functions decline, leading to sound or noise sensitivity. Your ability to pick up sounds decreases. You may also have problems maintaining your balance as you sit, stand, and walk. Sound sensitivity as we age is most common in individuals with hearing loss, but it can occur without hearing loss. Some become so sensitive to sound they can barely tolerate what many others consider a reasonable level of sound. Hearing aids can alleviate some of this discomfort because their processing is set up so as not to overload the ear with sound amplification.

 

Symptoms and Effects of Noise Sensitivity

 

Common Symptoms

People with noise sensitivity often experience a range of symptoms that can significantly impact their daily lives. Common symptoms include:

• Sounds may seem unbearably loud, even if they are not loud to others, often described as louder sounds.
• Everyday sounds, such as a car engine or background noise, can be painful or uncomfortable.
• Loud noises can trigger anxiety or stress responses.
• Some individuals may experience ear pain or discomfort in response to loud sounds.
• In severe cases, hyperacusis can lead to avoidance of social situations or everyday activities due to fear of loud noises.

Impact on Daily Life

Noise sensitivity can profoundly affect an individual’s quality of life. The constant exposure to loud or unpleasant sounds can make it challenging to relax, concentrate, or engage in daily activities. This heightened sensitivity often triggers anxiety and stress responses, which can lead to negative outcomes such as depression, anxiety disorders, and sleep disturbances. In some cases, hyperacusis can result in social isolation or avoidance of social situations due to the fear of encountering loud noises. Understanding these impacts is essential for developing effective coping strategies.

 

Causes of Noise Sensitivity

Noise sensitivity, also known as sound sensitivity or hyperacusis, is a complex condition influenced by various factors. While the exact causes are not fully understood, research has identified several key contributors. One significant factor is damage to the inner ear, which can result from prolonged exposure to loud noises. This damage can lead to a heightened sensitivity to everyday sounds, making them seem unbearably loud even at normal volumes. Additionally, conditions such as tinnitus, Meniere’s disease, and Lyme disease can also contribute to the development of hyperacusis. Understanding these underlying causes is crucial for effective management and treatment of noise sensitivity.

Age-Related Factors

Age plays a significant role in the development of noise sensitivity. Both children and older adults are more susceptible due to their sensitive hearing and brain development. As we age, the structures within our ears change, and our hearing abilities can decline. This can lead to an increased sensitivity to certain sounds. Age-related hearing loss is a common issue that can exacerbate noise sensitivity, making everyday sounds seem unbearably loud. Recognizing these age-related changes can help in identifying and managing noise sensitivity more effectively.

 

Auditory Cortex and Hyperacusis Causes and Risk Study

The auditory cortex is the region of the brain that is responsible for the processing of auditory (sound) information. The primary auditory cortex is located in the temporal lobe. There are additional areas of the human cerebral cortex that are involved in processing sound, in the frontal and parietal lobes. As we get older, the hair cells and nerve fibers in our inner ears deteriorate. Some studies have shown that reduced blood flow, which is a natural part of aging, causes changes in our ears. It could also be due to prolonged exposure to loud noises or a combination of factors. Once the cells are damaged, they do not recover.

An article published in the Journal of Neuroscience said that a study examined the auditory cortex of individuals in their 20s and 60s, and they were different. This might explain, researchers said, why some individuals develop an oversensitivity to sounds.

 

Noise Sensitivity Filtering Impacted

As you get older, you have issues separating background noise from the sounds you are trying to listen to and process. Older adults report problems understanding a conversation with noise around them. Part of the problem is hearing loss, but new studies also show the brain’s ability to filter out background noise changes as we grow older. One explanation, said researchers suspect, is that the brain synchronizes with the specific rhythms of speech. Researchers have two theories as to what causes the issue. One was that hearing loss leads to a decline in the brain’s ability to filter out the noise and concentrate on a single sound. The other theory is that the brain’s sound processing changes. Sounds that seem the most jarring and distressing would be high-pitched sounds like smoke alarms, but equally disturbing to those with noise sensitivity are the clanging of silverware or pots and pans, clapping, and screaming children. Noise sensitivity can lead to significant distress and negatively impact an individual’s mental health, particularly under conditions of stress or fatigue.

 

The Impact of Loud Noises on Noise Sensitivity

Loud noises can have a profound impact on noise sensitivity. Prolonged exposure to loud sounds can damage the delicate hair cells in the inner ear, leading to hearing loss and an increased sensitivity to sound. This damage can make it difficult for individuals to tolerate everyday sounds, which may seem unbearably loud even at normal volumes. Additionally, loud noises can trigger anxiety and stress responses, further complicating the ability to cope with noise sensitivity. Understanding the impact of loud noises is essential for developing strategies to protect hearing and manage noise sensitivity effectively.

 

Coping with Noise Sensitivity

 

Strategies for Managing Noise Sensitivity

Managing noise sensitivity involves a combination of strategies aimed at reducing exposure to loud noises and mitigating the stress and anxiety associated with them. Here are some effective approaches:

• Sound therapy: Exposure to gentle, soothing sounds can help desensitize the auditory nerves and reduce sensitivity to loud noises. This gradual exposure can make every day sound more tolerable over time.
• Relaxation techniques: Practices such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and other relaxation techniques can help manage anxiety and stress responses to loud sounds. These techniques can provide immediate relief and long-term benefits.
• Noise-reducing devices: Using earplugs, earmuffs, and other noise-reducing devices can help minimize exposure to loud or unpleasant sounds. These tools are particularly useful in environments where noise levels are unpredictable.
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy: This therapeutic approach involves identifying and challenging negative thoughts and behaviors associated with noise sensitivity. By developing more adaptive coping strategies, individuals can better manage their reactions to loud sounds.

By incorporating these strategies into daily life, individuals with noise sensitivity can improve their quality of life and reduce the impact of hyperacusis on their everyday activities.

 

Treatment Options for Noise Sensitivity

While there is no cure for noise sensitivity, several treatment options can help manage its symptoms and improve quality of life. These treatments focus on reducing exposure to loud noises and addressing the anxiety and stress associated with noise sensitivity.

Medical Treatments

Medical treatments for noise sensitivity include a variety of approaches:

• Sound Therapy: This involves exposure to soothing sounds, such as white noise or nature sounds, to help desensitize the auditory system. Over time, this can reduce sensitivity to loud noises and make everyday sounds more tolerable.
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT can help individuals identify and challenge negative thoughts and behaviors related to noise sensitivity. By developing more adaptive coping strategies, individuals can better manage their reactions to loud sounds.
• Medications: In some cases, medications such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications may be prescribed to help manage related mental health conditions. These medications can alleviate the anxiety and stress that often accompany noise sensitivity.

By exploring these treatment options, individuals with noise sensitivity can find effective ways to manage their symptoms and improve their overall well-being.

 

Enticare and Inner Ear Health

If you have been finding that you are feeling particularly sensitive to sounds that used to not bother you, you may be developing a sound sensitivity. Contact us at Enticare to set up a hearing test. We can help you find the best hearing aids for your needs and lifestyle and get you on the road to healthy hearing and clear communication.